Delivery system

ABSTRACT

There is described a medicament delivery device which comprises a medicament reservoir, a medicament delivery passage and a metering member adapted to transfer a measured dose of medicament from the medicament reservoir to the delivery passage characterized in that the device is provided with a moisture proof barrier. The medicament delivery device is especially suited for use as an inhaler. There is therefore also described an inhaler which provides improved airflow for the dispersion of medicament, and a method of treating patients suffering from a respiratory disorder.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/980,999, filed under 35 U.S.C. 371, based on PCT InternationalApplication No. PCT/GB00/02017, filed Jun. 5, 2000, which claimspriority to Great Britain Patent Application Nos. 9913047.8 and9916283.6, filed Jun. 5, 1999 and Jul. 13, 1999, respectively, both ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a novel form of medicament delivery system andto novel methods of treatment.

In particular the invention provides a medicament delivery device, suchas an inhaler, which is adapted to be moisture resistant and/or providesimproved air flow through the device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is well established that delivery devices adapted for the delivery ofdry powder medicaments suffer from the problem of contact with moisture.Such problems are present particularly when hygroscopic medicaments areused or when climatic conditions give rise to high humidity. Medicamentinhalers are known to suffer from such and moisture contamination of drypowder inhalers has long been held to be undesirable since the drypowder medicament may become clogged, creating problems in deliveringcorrect dosages of medicament. Furthermore, some inhaled medicaments arethemselves inherently moisture sensitive. Therefore, there has long beena desire to provide a dry powder inhaler that is resistant to moisture,that is, one that protects a medicament reservoir from moisturecontamination either from the environment or from exhalation by apatient using the device and various attempts have been made to mitigatethe problem.

Most attempts which have been made aim to reduce the moisture whichcomes into contact with a medicament, such attempts generally comprisethe use of an additional chamber containing a desiccant.

International Patent Application No WO 98/41261 describes an inhalationdevice which includes a chamber for containing a desiccant, e.g. silicagel. Whilst the use of a desiccant gel does remove some moisture, thesystem is disadvantageous in that, inter alia, the leak paths are toogreat for the available desiccant to cope with and therefore thedesiccant is only effective for a few hours, whereas there is a need formoisture resistance if at least a few months.

Similarly, International Patent Application No WO 96/08284 describes aninhaler system provided with a reservoir wherein the closed end of thereservoir is also provided with a desiccant cartridge.

International Patent Application No WO 95/32752 also describes amedicament chamber included in an inhalation apparatus and provided witha container containing a desiccant.

We have now developed a medicament delivery device, e.g. a dry powderinhaler, which is able to provide a moisture proof barrier without thenecessity of a desiccant.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, according to the invention we provide a medicament deliverydevice which comprises a medicament reservoir, a medicament deliverypassage and a metering member adapted to transfer a measured dose ofmedicament from the medicament reservoir to the delivery passagecharacterised in that the device is provided with a moisture proofbarrier.

The moisture proof barrier is preferentially a physical barrier asopposed to a chemical barrier, e.g. a desiccant, although it is withinthe scope of the present invention that a desiccant may be included inaddition to the moisture proof barrier if desirable.

In a preferred embodiment the moisture proof barrier is positioned so asto prevent the ingress of moisture into the medicament reservoir, sothat moisture is prevented from coming into contact with the medicament.In an especially preferred embodiment of the delivery device of theinvention, the moisture proof barrier is a moisture proof sealing means.

In a preferred embodiment, the sealing means of the delivery device willoperate by the delivery device being adapted to move from an inoperableposition, in which the medicament reservoir is sealed, to an operativeposition, in which the seal is reversibly broken so that measurementand/or delivery of a dose of medicament may take place. The sealingmeans will generally comprise a resilient sealing member positioned atthe end of the reservoir adjacent the metering member. Furthermore, themetering member is preferentially biased towards the resilient sealingmember to improve the seal provided. Preferably the resilient sealingmember is in a fixed position whilst the metering member moves from aninoperable to an operable position and thus from a sealing to anon-sealing position.

The resilient sealing member preferably comprises a cover adapted to fitthe base of the medicament reservoir, the sealing member being providedwith an aperture to permit transmission of the medicament. The resilientsealing member may comprise any conventionally known material, forexample a natural or synthetic rubber, a silicon or a PTFE material,although other similar materials can be contemplated within the scope ofthis invention

The moisture proof barrier of the invention may be applied to anyconventionally known medicament delivery system. However, in a preferredembodiment, the medicament delivery device is an inhaler. Whilst themoisture proof barrier may be applied to any conventionally knowninhaler, it is an especially preferred aspect of the invention for theinhaler to be a dry powder inhaler (DPI). DPI's are known which operatewith predetermined doses of medicament, for example, the medicament maybe contained in a gelatin capsule which is ruptured to release themedicament. However, a preferred inhaler of the invention is a DPI whichcomprises a medicament reservoir and a metering member which is adaptedto measure a selected amount of medicament for inhalation. Thus, in anespecially preferred embodiment the metering member is rotatable from anoperable to an inoperable position. The metering member may comprise adispensing member and a moisture resistant member, e.g. a moistureresistant sleeve. In such an embodiment the moisture resistant member isprovided with one or more measuring chambers adapted to measure apredetermined dosage of medicament. Thus, in the operable position, theposition of measuring chamber of the metering member corresponds withthe aperture in the resilient sealing member so that medicament entersthe measuring chamber. The moisture resistant member may then be rotatedso that the reservoir is sealed again by the wall of the moistureresistant member. At the same time the medicament is transferred fromthe measuring chamber of the moisture resistant sleeve to the dispensingchamber of the dispensing member

An example of a preferred DPI is CLICKHALER, produced by Innovata Biomedin the UK. Such a device is described in European Patent No 0 539 469.Thus, the metering member may be a frusto conical member such asdescribed in European Patent No 0 539 469.

Therefore, the metering member may comprise a frusto conical dispensingmember with a corresponding moisture resistant sleeve, such that thesleeve overlies the dispensing member. Thus, the measuring chamber maycomprise outer side walls which are provided by an aperture in the wallof the moisture resistant sleeve and the base of the measuring chambermay be provided by the frusto conical wall of the dispensing member.Preferably the moisture resistant sleeve is provided with a plurality ofapertures and thereby a plurality of measuring chambers.

The use of the frusto-conical shape in the wall of the metering membercontaining the measuring chambers allows a good seal to be obtainedbetween the metering member and a seat against which the frusto-conicalwall mates.

Therefore, the frusto conical metering member may itself comprise acombination of a frusto conical dispensing member and a frusto conicalmoisture resistant sleeve which forms a snug fit over the dispensingmember. The moisture resistant sleeve may itself be moveable e.g.rotatable, from a sealing to a non-sealing position as herein beforedescribed and vice versa. Such a moisture resistant sleeve may compriseany conventionally known material but is preferentially a plasticsmaterial, e.g. the same material as the metering member.

The dispensing member and the moisture resistant sleeve can,preferentially, be adapted so as to act together as a medicamentmeasuring/dispensing member. The preferred metering member comprises adispensing member provided with one or more dispensing cups and amoisture resistant sleeve provided with one or more apertures.Preferably the dispensing member comprises a plurality of dispensingcups and the sleeve comprises a plurality of apertures. It is especiallypreferred that the dispensing member comprises an equivalent number ofdispensing cups to apertures in the sleeve.

We have especially found that if the moisture resistant sleeve comprisesa frusto hemispherical cone, then an improved seal is achieved betweenthe medicament reservoir and the sleeve. When a frusto hemisphericalcone sleeve is used, the arcuate base of the reservoir is able to makemore uniform contact with the curved surface of the cone and thereforean improved seal is achieved. Thus, it is especially preferred that theouter walls of the cone are hemispherical. Furthermore, the inner wallsof the cone are preferably contoured to form a good mate with the frustoconical dispensing member.

Thus, in operation, the metering member may be moved to a first positionin which the medicament is transferred to a first measuring chamber inthe moisture resistant sleeve, the device is then moved to a secondposition in which medicament is transferred from the measuring chamberto a dispensing cup in the dispensing member and then to a thirdposition where medicament is delivered to the delivery passage.

The dispensing member may be a conventionally known member such as afrusto conical member described herein and in EP 0 539 469. However, wehave also found the use of a moisture resistant sleeve permits adispensing chamber to be provided with an air inlet, e.g. an air duct.Previously, the use of an air inlet was felt to be undesirable since itmight effect the accuracy of the measurement of the medicament dose.However, by use of a system wherein the medicament is first transferredto a measuring chamber and then subsequently to a dispensing cup, thecup in the dispensing member may be provided with an air inlet withoutany loss in accuracy of the dosage delivered. Furthermore, improved airflow provides greater likelihood of complete emptying of the dispensingcup and thereby provides an inhaler with improved performance. Clearly,an inhaler with such improved performance is advantageous per se,regardless of whether such an inhaler is moisture resistant.

Thus according to an alternative feature of the invention we provide adry powder inhaler which comprises a medicament reservoir, an inhalationpassage for the delivery of the medicament and a metering member adaptedto transfer a measured dose of medicament from the medicament reservoirto the inhalation passage characterised in that the metering membercomprises a measuring member adapted to measure a pre-defined dosage ofmedicament and moveable from a measuring to a non-measuring position;and a dispensing member adapted to receive the measured dosage ofmedicament from the measuring member and to deliver the medicament tothe inhalation passage, the dispensing member being moveable from amedicament receiving position to a medicament delivering position.

In the preferred embodiment the dispensing member is provided with oneor more medicament dispensing cups, said cups being provided with a ductso as to provide a flow of air through the cup and into the inhalationpassage upon operation of the device.

By the term dry powder we mean a medicament in finely divided form.

A variety of medicaments may be administered by using the inhaler of theinvention, optionally with a conventionally known pharmaceuticallyacceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier. Such medicaments are generallyantibiotics, bronchodilators or other anti-asthma drugs. Suchmedicaments include, but are not limited to β₂-agonists, e.g. fenoterol,formoterol, pirbuterol, reproterol, rimiterol, salbutamol, salmeteroland terbutaline; non-selective beta-stimulants such as isoprenaline;xanthine bronchodilators, e.g. theophylline, aminophylline and cholinetheophyllinate; anticholinergics, e.g. ipratropium bromide; mast cellstabilisers, e.g. sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen; bronchialanti-inflammatory agents, e.g. nedocromil sodium; and steroids, e.g.beclomethasone dipropionate, fluticasone, budesonide and flunisolide;and combinations thereof.

Specific combinations of medicaments which may be mentioned includecombinations of steroids, such as, beclomethasone dipropionate,fluticasone, budesonide and flunisolide; and combinations of toβ₂-agonists, such as, formoterol and salmeterol. It is also within thescope of this invention to include combinations of one or more of theaforementioned steroids with one or more of the aforementionedβ₂-agonists.

The inhaler of the invention is especially suitable for use in thetreatment or alleviation of respiratory disorders. Thus according to theinvention we also provide a method of administering a dry powderinhalation medicament using an inhaler as hereinbefore described.

We further provide a method of treatment of a patient with a respiratorydisorder which comprises the administration of a combination ofmedicaments using an inhaler as hereinbefore described.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described by way of example only and withreference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an inhalation device of the invention;

FIGS. 2 a-f are schematic representations of the sealing and measuringmechanism.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a moisture resistant sleeve comprising afrusto hemispherical cone, and

FIGS. 4 a-b are cross-sectional views of a moisture resistant sleevecomprising a frusto hemispherical cone.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

With reference to FIG. 1, a dry powder inhaler (1) comprises amedicament reservoir (2) comprising an essentially conical member; aninhalation passage (3) and a metering member (4). The inhalation passage(3) is connected to the medicament reservoir (2) by a reservoir support(5) and is itself connected to recess (6) which provides a seat for themetering member (4). The metering member (4) is rotatable about an axis(7) from a medicament receiving position, to a medicament deliveryposition and then to an emptying position to allowing any residualmedicament to be emptied into a waste box (8).

The recess (6) is essentially frusto conical in shape to enable it toprovide a seal for the metering member (4). The metering member (4)comprises a frusto conical moisture resistant sleeve (9) which forms asnug fit between recess (6) and a dispensing member (10). The dispensingmember (10) is also provided with a back plate (11).

The moisture resistant sleeve (9) abuts against the resilient seal (9 a)to form a moisture resistant seal.

The moisture resistant sleeve (9) is also provided with a plurality ofmeasuring chambers which comprise apertures (12) dimensioned to measurea predetermined amount of medicament and to fit over cups (13) in thedispensing member (10). In a preferred embodiment, each of the cups (13)are also provided with a duct (14). The medicament reservoir (2) is alsoprovided with a moisture resistant, e.g. foil, cover (15) at its end(16) distal from the metering member (4).

With reference to FIG. 2, in which FIG. 2 a the metering device is in aclosed position,

FIG. 2 b the metering device is in a measuring position,

FIG. 2 c the metering device is in a seal transitory position,

FIG. 2 d the metering device is in a medicament transfer position,

FIG. 2 e the metering device is in a medicament delivery position; and

FIG. 2 f the metering device is returned to the closed position.

In FIG. 2 a the metering device (4) is in the closed position and themedicament reservoir (2) is isolated and a seal formed between thesealing member (17) and the surface (18) of the moisture resistantsleeve (9). In FIG. 2 b, the moisture resistant sleeve (9) is rotated inan anti clockwise direction so that the aperture/measuring chamber (12)corresponds with the aperture in the sealing member (17). Theaperture/measuring chamber (12) forms a cup with the surface of thedispensing member (10).

In FIG. 2 c the moisture resistant sleeve (9) is further rotated so thatthe aperture/measuring chamber (12) sits below the sealing member (17).The internal edge of the sealing member (17) scrapes any excessmedicament from the aperture/measuring chamber (12) to leave a measureddose.

In FIG. 2 d the dispensing member (10) is rotated in an anticlockwisedirection so that the dispensing cup (13) corresponds with theaperture/measuring chamber (12) allowing medicament to transfer from theaperture/measuring chamber (12) to the dispensing cup (13).

In FIG. 2 e both the dispensing member (10) and the moisture resistantsleeve (9) are rotated anticlockwise to expose them and the medicamentto the inhalation passage (3). The patient can then inhale themedicament.

In FIG. 2 f the inhalation device remains in the closed position readyfor use.

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, a moisture resistant sleeve (9)comprises a frusto hemispherical cone (22) wherein the outer surface(23) is arcuate. The inner surface (24) acts as a female member to forma snug fit with the frusto conical dispensing member (10). Downwardpressure in the medicament reservoir (2) ensures a constant moisturetight seal between the sealing member (17) and the frusto hemisphericalcone (22). Furthermore, referring to FIG. 4 c, the leading edge (25) ofthe sealing member (17) is capable of acting as a scraper or a cleaningedge, removing any excess medicament from the measuring chamber uponrotation of the metering member.

A variety of mechanisms may be used for the operation of the inhaler.One preferred mechanism is for movement from the closed to the measuringposition to be achieved by removal of a mouth piece which is operablylinked to the moisture resistor. Movement from the measuring position tothe transitory position would use a mechanism similar to that describedin EP 0 539 469, e.g. by depressing the button half way. Movement to thetransfer position being achieved by further depressing the button, andthen depression completely, moving the metering cone and the moistureresistor to the delivery position.

1. A medicament delivery device which comprises a medicament reservoir,a medicament delivery passage and a metering member adapted to transfera measured dose of medicament from the medicament reservoir to thedelivery passage characterised in that the device is provided with amoisture proof barrier.
 2. A medicament delivery device according toclaim 1 characterised in that the moisture proof barrier is a moistureproof sealing means.
 3. A medicament delivery device according to claim1 characterised in that the moisture proof barrier is positioned toprevent ingress of moisture into the medicament reservoir.
 4. Amedicament delivery device according to claim 1 wherein the sealingmeans is adapted to move from an inoperable position in which themedicament reservoir is sealed, to an operable position in which theseal is broken so that measurement and/or delivery of a dose ofmedicament may take place.
 5. A medicament delivery device according toclaim 1 wherein the sealing means comprises a resilient sealing memberpositioned at the end of the medicament reservoir adjacent the meteringmember.
 6. A medicament delivery device according to claim 5 wherein themetering member is biased towards the sealing member.
 7. A medicamentdelivery device according to claim 1 characterised in that the deliverydevice is an inhaler.
 8. A medicament delivery device according to claim7 characterised in that the inhaler is a dry powder inhaler.
 9. Amedicament delivery device according to claim 4 characterised in thatthe metering member is rotatable from an operable to an inoperableposition.
 10. A medicament delivery device according to claim 1characterised in that the metering member comprises a combination of adispensing member and an outer sleeve.
 11. A medicament delivery deviceaccording to claim 10 characterised in that the outer sleeve is amoisture resistant sleeve.
 12. A medicament delivery device according toclaim 10 characterised in that the outer sleeve is a moisture resistantsleeve that is adapted to act as a medicament measuring device.
 13. Amedicament delivery device according to claim 10 wherein the outersleeve is a moisture resistant sleeve that is adapted to act as amedicament measuring device and has the form of a frusto hemisphericalcone.
 14. A medicament delivery device according to claim 1characterised in that the device may be moved to a first position inwhich the medicament is transferred to a measuring chamber, the deviceis then moved to a second position in which medicament is transferred toa dispensing chamber and to a third position where medicament isdelivered into the delivery passage.
 15. A medicament delivery devicewhich is an inhaler and comprises a medicament reservoir, an inhalationpassage and a metering member provided with at least one dispensing cupand adapted to transfer a measured dose of medicament from themedicament reservoir to the inhalation passage characterised in that thedispensing cup is provided with an air duct.
 16. An inhaler according toclaim 15 characterised in that the device is provided with a moistureproof barrier.
 17. An inhaler comprising a medicament reservoir, aninhalation passage for the delivery of the medicament and a meteringmember adapted to transfer a measured dose of medicament from themedicament reservoir to the inhalation passage characterised in that themetering member comprises a measuring member adapted to measure apre-defined dosage of medicament and moveable from a measuring to anon-measuring position; and a dispensing member adapted to receive themeasured dosage of medicament from the measuring member and to deliverthe medicament to the inhalation passage, the dispensing member beingmoveable from a medicament receiving position to a medicament deliveringposition.
 18. An inhaler according to claim 17 wherein the second memberis provided with one or more medicament receiving cups, said cups beingprovided with an air duct so as to provide a flow of air through thepassage and the cup into the inhalation passage upon operation of thedevice.
 19. An inhaler comprising a medicament reservoir, an inhalationpassage for the delivery of the medicament and a metering member adaptedto transfer a measured dose of medicament from the medicament reservoircharacterised in that the metering member is provided with a duct toallow air to be sucked through the metering member upon inhalation by apatient.
 20. An inhaler according to claim 19 characterised in that themetering member comprises an outer sleeve and a dispensing member.
 21. Amedicament delivery device according to claim 20 characterised in thatthe duct is part of a measuring cup in the dispensing member.
 22. Amethod of administering a medicament by inhalation which comprises theuse by a patient of an inhaler according to claim
 1. 23. A method ofadministering a dry powder inhalation medicament using an inhaleraccording to claim
 7. 24. A method of treatment of a patient with arespiratory disorder which comprises the administration of a combinationof medicaments using an inhaler according to claim 7.